No hot water: what gets checked first
Before anything gets quoted, the unit gets diagnosed. On a gas tank the usual suspects are the pilot and thermocouple or thermopile, the gas control valve, a blocked air intake screen at the base, or a tripped spillage switch telling you the vent is not drawing properly. Laundry lint chokes that screen often enough to look like a dead water heater. On an electric tank it is normally an element, a thermostat, or a high-limit reset that tripped for a reason worth finding.
Tankless units report their own faults. Navien and Rinnai both put a code on the display: ignition failure, flame loss, a flow sensor not registering, an overheat condition that usually means scale in the heat exchanger. We read the code and then verify it. Replacing parts on the strength of a screen code is how people pay twice.
One diagnosis worth knowing. If hot water everywhere has gone lukewarm and never gets properly hot, the water heater is often not the problem. A failed single-lever tub or shower cartridge can let cold cross into the hot line and dilute the whole system. A new tank will not fix that.